Rivers

Traps in Rivers

• Reverses the process or effect
  Trace the cause and effect step by step and check the direction at each step.
• River profile errors
  Upper course: V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, rapids, interlocking spurs. Middle: meanders, wider valley. Lower: floodplains, levees, ox-bow lakes, deltas.
• Picks a closely related feature or term
  Learn related features as contrasting pairs: how each forms and what it looks like.
• Credits a landform to the wrong agent
  Link each landform to its agent and process: ox-bow lake – river meanders; mushroom rock – wind abrasion; U-shaped valley – glacier; Lake Volta – a dam.
• Volcano and earthquake errors
  Focus (hypocentre): point of origin underground; epicentre: point on the surface directly above. Richter/moment magnitude scale measures energy; seismograph records waves. Basic (basaltic) lava is runny → shield volcanoes; acid lava is viscous → steep cones.
• Confuses glacial and desert landforms
  Glacial erosion: cirque/corrie, arête, pyramidal peak, U-shaped valley, hanging valley. Glacial deposition: moraine, drumlin, esker, erratic. Desert (wind): barchan, seif, yardang, zeuge; desert (water): wadi, playa, bajada, inselberg.
• Gives only part of the answer
  Recall the full definition or list of factors and check the option covers it.