Plant nutrition

Traps in Plant nutrition

• Confuses photosynthesis and respiration
  Photosynthesis: CO₂ + water → glucose + O₂ (needs light). Respiration: glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + water + energy (ALL living cells, day and night).
• Gives the job of a neighbouring structure or stage
  Learn structures as pairs of 'name → one job' and contrast neighbours: ribosome makes protein, mitochondrion releases energy; cochlea hears, semicircular canals balance. When two options sit in the same organ or process, ask which one does exactly the job in the stem.
• Thinks plants photosynthesise instead of respiring
  All living cells respire all the time, day and night, plants included. Photosynthesis is extra, in green cells in light. In bright light photosynthesis hides respiration, but respiration never stops.
• Takes one contributing factor as the whole answer
  Watch for 'only', 'just', 'mainly'. Ask: is this the MAIN reason, or one contributor? If it would need other things to work (plasma proteins need platelets), it is incomplete.
• Reverses a direction, order or effect
  Before answering, say the process out loud in order with arrows (receptor → sensory → relay → motor → effector; lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium). Then ask: does my option point the same way? If an option is the mirror image of a fact you know, it is a trap.
• Uses an everyday idea instead of the biology
  Translate everyday words into the textbook definition before choosing. If the only reason an option attracts you is its name or looks, test it against the definition in the stem.
• Confuses leaf adaptations
  Palisade mesophyll: most chloroplasts, main photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll: air spaces for gas exchange. Stomata (guard cells): control gas exchange/water loss. Waxy cuticle: reduces water loss.
• Confuses xylem and phloem
  Xylem: water + minerals, upwards (dead, hollow vessels). Phloem: food/sugars, up and down (living sieve tubes). "Phloem carries Food".
• Chooses a true but irrelevant statement
  Re-read the question word (why, which, where, what causes). An option can be a true fact and still be wrong because it answers a different question.
• Transfers a feature to the wrong organism group
  Keep a feature grid: rows = groups (bacteria, fungi, mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants, insects, fish, mammals), columns = wall, nucleus, gas exchange, reproduction. Check the option against the right row.